I'm totally new to this data sharing between other technologies like Java/php/react/angular.
For client (Banking), we have website which built on various technologies but how can we achieve data sharing between those tech frameworks to Salesforce orgs and manipulate UI using LWC and some admin. Please anyone explain me detailed way.
Since you already have a site that uses non-Salesforce technologies, then your option is using REST API. You also mentioned LWC on the same thread. I am not sure if you are referring to embedding LWC in your site (uncommon but doable) or your site information be displayed by LWC within Salesforce (most common and highly recommended). Any way there are specific integration patterns described in this document. Your choice will depend on your use case.