With respect to SAML SSO and required MFA effective Feb 1 2022...
What technical details can be provided by Salesforce so an IdP can be certain that it's SAML Assertion will be considered "valid" by SF?
Yes, we use Strong Authentication Methods/ MFA.
But what about the XML, what does Salesforce need from the IdPs to prove this?
Per the SAML specification, would you provide specific schema classes that will be allowable? For example... will MobileTwoFactorContract be the only allowed Authentication Context after Feb 2022?
Salesforce will not be checking for proof of MFA from SSO logins in Feb '22. Customers are contracturally obligated to meet the requirement. That being said, we currently capture the Authentication Method Reference from all OpenID Connect Auth Providers and it's available for review on Login History objects. In the future, we'll add support for SAML AuthnContext. Generally, we have seen that the values returned by SSO providers is inconsistent and incomplete, so we do not have any current plans to enforce MFA in Salesforce based on these values.