If I would like to get a job involving Salesforce what badges should I make sure to have?

See badges are just to tell you which modules you have gain knowledge of, you can earn badges related to the profile that you are going for. For example, if you are targeting  Admin Job then go for Admin-related badges and trails if you want a developer job then go for apex, lightning component related modules. No doubt these badges proves your expertise but Salesforce certification will be needed for a particular profile to give more insights of how much a person have knowledge 

Please explore the correct Carrer path and start learning Accordingly 

https://trailhead.salesforce.com/career-path/

Happy learning,