Mateusz Dąbrowski (mateuszdabrowski.pl) 
Forum Ambassador
A bit more context would be useful to provide the most valuable answer, but by itself ISP is a shortcut for Internet Service Provider (the company that provides internet services).
As this question is asked in the context of Marketing Cloud, there is also very similar shortcut used frequently - ESP - standing for Email Service Provider. This one is a bit more complicated, because depending on context it can either mean the company that lets you push email (like Salesforce with Marketing Cloud) or the companies that provide access to email services to the customers (Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, etc.)
Unfortunately Salesforce documentation sometimes mixes up both of the above and uses ISP shortcut for ESPs in their second meaning (as Inbox Service Provider) - so Google (Gmail), Microsoft (Outlook), Yahoo, etc. You can see it for example here: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=000353531&type=1
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