Learn About Serverless on AWS

Learning Objectives

After completing this unit, you will be able to:

Learn the features and advantages of using serverless technologies.
Explain AWS serverless services.
Describe common serverless application architectures.

Remove the Undifferentiated Heavy Lifting

If you run your cat photo application on Amazon EC2, AWS is responsible for the physical hardware and you are responsible for the logical controls, such as guest operating system, security and patching, networking, security, and scaling.

If you run your cat photo application in containers on Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS, AWS is responsible for more of the container management, such as deploying containers across EC2 instances and managing the container cluster. However, when running ECS and EKS on EC2, you are still responsible for maintaining the underlying EC2 instances.

If you want to deploy your workloads and applications without having to manage any EC2 instances, you can do that on AWS with serverless compute.

Go Serverless

Every definition of serverless mentions four aspects.

No servers to provision or manage.
Scales with usage.
You never pay for idle resources.
Availability and fault tolerance are built-in.

With serverless, spend time on the things that differentiate your application, rather than spending time on ensuring availability, scaling, and managing servers.

AWS has several serverless compute options, including AWS Fargate and AWS Lambda.

Explore Serverless Containers with AWS Fargate

Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS enable you to run your containers in two modes.

Amazon EC2 mode
AWS Fargate mode

Screenshot of the Amazon ECS Console, where you select which mode you want to run in: Fargate mode or EC2 mode

AWS Fargate is a purpose-built serverless compute engine for containers. Fargate scales and manages the infrastructure, allowing developers to work on what they do best: application development.

It achieves this by allocating the right amount of compute, eliminating the need to choose and handle EC2 Instances and cluster capacity and scaling. Fargate supports both Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS architecture and provides workload isolation and improved security by design.

AWS Fargate abstracts the EC2 instance so you’re not required to manage it. However, with AWS Fargate, you can use all the same ECS primitives, APIs, and AWS integrations. It natively integrates with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) and Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). Having native integration with Amazon VPC allows you to launch Fargate containers inside your network and control connectivity to your applications.

Run Your Code on AWS Lambda

If you want to deploy your workloads and applications without having to manage any EC2 instances or containers, you can use AWS Lambda.

AWS Lambda lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers or containers. You can run code for virtually any type of application or backend service, including data processing, real-time stream processing, machine learning, WebSockets, IoT backends, mobile backends, and web apps, like your cat photo sharing app!

AWS Lambda requires zero administration from the user. You upload your source code and Lambda takes care of everything required to run and scale your code with high availability. There are no servers to manage, bringing you continuous scaling with subsecond metering and consistent performance.

How Lambda Works

There are three primary components of a Lambda function: the trigger, code, and configuration.

Trigger represented by a lightning bold, code represented by binary, and configuration represented by a checklist—these feed into an AWS Lambda function

The code is source code, that describes what the Lambda function should run. This code can be authored in three ways.

You create the code from scratch.
You use a blueprint that AWS provides.
You use same code from the AWS Serverless Application Repository, a resource that contains sample applications, such as “hello world” code, Amazon Alexa Skill sample code, image resizing code, video encoding, and more.

When you create your Lambda function, you specify the runtime you want your code to run in. There are built-in runtimes such as Python, Node.js, Ruby, Go, Java, .NET Core, or you can implement your Lambda functions to run on a custom runtime.

The configuration of a Lambda function consists of information that describes how the function should run. In the configuration, you specify network placement, environment variables, memory, invocation type, permission sets, and other configurations. To dive deeper into these configurations, check out the resources section of this unit.

Triggers describe when the Lambda function should run. A trigger integrates your Lambda function with other AWS services, enabling you to run your Lambda function in response to certain API calls that occur in your AWS account. This makes you quicker to respond to events in your console without having to perform manual actions.

All you need is the what, how, and when of a Lambda function to have functional compute capacity that runs only when you need it to.

Wrap Up

Amazon’s CTO, Werner Vogels, says, “No server is easier to manage than no server.” This quote summarizes the convenience you can have when running serverless solutions, like AWS Fargate and AWS Lambda. In the next unit, you apply all the information you’ve learned about Amazon EC2, Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS, and AWS Fargate and learn the use cases for each service.